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Stories from the Pension Files

Since June 2023, thousands of Citizen Archivist volunteers have transcribed the pension files of Revolutionary War veterans.  We’ve uncovered interesting stories that give battlefield stories, sightings of famous generals, a glimpse of life in the 18th century, and more.  You can help us uncover more stories by transcribing and tagging Revolutionary War pension files. Did you find a surprising or intriguing story? An unexpected artifact? Let us know in our survey

  • Click on the linked name in the story to go to the page where this anecdote is found in the pension file or click on View the pension file to start on page one.
  • This is an ongoing project where we will be adding new stories frequently.  New stories will be to the top of this list. If you are looking for a particular name, you can search the page by clicking Ctrl + F and enter the name
Last Name First Name Story from the Pension View the pension file
Burnham Asa Asa Burnham was ordered to stay behind at Valley Forge to care for the invalids.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54114258
Green Sampson Sampson Green was born in Paris and recruited to fight against Great Britain for a tour of seven years. He fought in many battles including the Cowpens, Brandywine, and Yorktown.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196731216
Wilcox Robert Robert Wilcox related to his wife that he spent 3 years in Fortune Prison in England, escaping and being recaptured several times before making it to France.  Later documents say he served on the Bon Homme Richard.  The widow's pension was denied because she could not prove he was in the service when he was captured, so that time wasn't counted.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/111707542
Hulet John John Hulet's regiment met a Gen. Learned who was going in the wrong direction and had to turn him around.  In doing so they found the scalped and mutilated victims of an Indian raid.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54955776
Chandler Robert Robert Chandler's widow describes how while her husband was in the Army the British burned all her fencing, robbed her house of every article except two bedsteds and stole the ropes out of them.  While they looted she hid with her children in the alderbushes in the swamp.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54190230
Clarke Micajah According to Micajah Carke's widow, the Americans lost the victory at Germantown because the Officer (Maybe General Stevan) was drunk. Clarke hid under a barn but was still taken as prisoner. He attended to escpe when women came to see the prisoners and tried to dress him as a woman but the guard noticed there were more women coming out than went in.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54232086
Cocke Nathaniel Col. Nathaniel Cocke was at the Battle of Guilford Court House. His horse was killed under him; a ball was shot through his hat.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54254152
Gray Lynch A witness for Lynch Gray said that Gray entered the British lines under fire to retrieve  the body of his father who was killed in battle.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54714415
Hollister Innett Innett Hollister reported that he was sent to work on a large fort at New Windsor only to abandon it before completion when West Point was chosen as a better location.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54906908
Brann William William Brann paid an indentured servant 9000 pounds of tobacco to serve as his substitute, but was drafted anyway.  According to his story, he was drafted in 1777 and not released until after Yorktown.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54039200
Elmore Willian A short poem in included in William Elmore's pension:
I thank you for the cherries Madam
They'r the best in all the town;
I'd thank you more for your daughter though,
Whose name is Catherine Brown.
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54512103
Boudy John John Boudy participated in the Battle of Trenton and joined General George Washington crossing the Delaware River on Christmas night 1776.  Boudy recalls that it was snowing at the time and the night was unusually stormy and that "several of our men froze to death."  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54017021
Barber Francis Francis Barber was killed after the signing of the Treaty of Paris when a tree, cut by an American soldier, fell on him.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53887356
Bird Isaac Gertrude married Isaac Bird in 1836 when she was 17 and he was in his 70s.  He died five months later.  In 1853, she was 34 and had not remarried when she applied for a widow's pension.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53971185
Dickson James Enos Dickson applied for a pension based on his father James Dickson's service.  He claimed his mother was 113 when she died.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196142683
Aiken Jonathan Jonathan Aiken, who remembered his time in the Revolution with extraordinary detail, captured British boats containing pork, beef, oatmeal, and other things.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53790880
Brown Joseph Joseph Brown was an enslaved man who served as a substitute for his enslaver's son, who had gone privateering.  https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54076212
Alexander William After being shot in the foot by a bullet, William Alexander eventually returned to service as a Captain on horseback. He then fought in the Battle of Cowpens and the Siege of Ninety-Six.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53798544
Franks Henry Henry Franks was captured by Indians and eventually adopted with the name Tuton Kau Saw (Thigh Bone of a Bear).  In August 1782 he was handed over to the British in Detroit and sent to New York by way of Montreal and Halifax. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54609079
Kelley James A friend of James Kelley reported that he complained of how difficult he found it to whip disobedient soldiers. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196100797
Hill Daniel Daniel Hill's regiment was mustered and went directly into the Cherokee Nation that "at that time committing a great many outrages against the whites, when we reached the nation we marched in a measure all through it first one place and then another killing a great many Indians destroying their crops and taking Indian prisoners." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54873654
Keller George George Keller worked in a wagon maker shop making wagons and carts for the last three months of the war. After the British surrender, the wagons and carts were sold at a public sale in Staunton, VA. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196100396
French William William French was a minuteman who fought in the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54617971
Griffin Charles Charles Griffin's brigade lost all its tents and baggage in the British attack on Fort Constitution (near New York City), then had to march to Philadelphia "destitute of everything necessary to render them comfortable." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54731028
Hopper Richard B. Richard B. Hooper was a Life Guard to the Continental Congress, moving with the Congress from Lancaster to York, PA. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54917823
Horn Ralph R. Ralph R. Horn was on a ship captured by the British in 1778. He was held prisoner in Barbados and Jamaica where 6 men were given rations for 4. Although he tried to escape twice, he did not return to his home until 1873. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54922518
Bobbitt Isham Isham Bobbitt served under Colonel Long as a saddler making and repairing wagon gearing for the Army wagons. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54002828
Cone Joseph Joseph Cone was transferred by General George Washington to Count Pulaski's Independent Legion and served with him as one of his guard about two years. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54279092
Harrison William William Harrison was inoculated at Valley Forge, fought at Germantown, Brandywine, and Monmouth. At the Pee Dee River, a British officer wounded him in the head with a sword, and he was shot in the leg at Guildford Courthouse. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54808706
Gresham George George Gresham was in a skirmish at the Battle of Stono Ferry when a ball passed through his leg and killed his horse. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54729136
Homer Jacob Jacob Homer served as a seaman on the Massachusetts State Ship Protector. He was captured by the British in May 1781 and carried to England where he was confined in prison until the summer of 1782 when he returned home. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54915247
Shellman John When John Shellman volunteered, each man in the company had to furnish himself with a uniform. It consisted of "a hunting shirt dyed yellow with hickory bark, pantaloons of the same, a pair of Indian legens of green cloth with a piece of bearskin over the crown of the hat, a good rifle, and tomahawk, shot pouch & powder horn." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196612455
Hall Amos

Amos Hall served in General Benedict Arnold's life guard for three years. he was present when Arnold saddled his horse and fled to the enemy.  

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54760741
Davis Stephen B. Stephen B. Davis was only 55 when he applied for his pension, but was having trouble working full time as a nail maker.  His 9 acres of rocky land, log house, and nail shop were mortgaged for $200, which was more than the property was worth.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54389466
Covenhoven Abraham Abraham Covenhoven and fellow soldiers marched to Princeton but left their fires lit to deceive the British.   https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54310661
Hitt Dennis

Dennis Hitt's widow Abigail Hitt explains that he was away from home and on duty most of the time except during the winter.  He was not home to gather the crops in haying and harvesting all but one season during the war.

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54888944
Gannon William William Gannon's stand out memory was about corn. He was detached to go to Colonel Wade's farm to bring corn for the Army. About 300 bushels were pulled and husked. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54637289
Daniel Richard Richard Daniel had to hire or buy a horse for $60 so he could get home after he was wounded at Guilford Courthouse. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54367765
Stevens Levi Levi Stevens enlisted with the understanding that he would only fight within the state of Maryland. He ended up fighting in Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/144261527
Deming Julius Julius Deming was in charge of supplying the entire Army under General Washington for fresh beef and mutton while on York Island. He details his work as a purchasing commissary. He was required to keep a suitable number of beef cattle on the island in case of emergency, hire and pay the catchers for killing the cattle, to weigh and deliver the quarters of beef, to sell the hides, and to take care of and dispose of the tallow. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54410888
Chambers Cuff At the start of the Revolution, Cuff (Blanchard) Chambers was enslaved by Samuel Blanchard of Dover, Massachusetts. He was in the Battle of Bunker Hill and due to his service he was given his freedom. After he was freed, he assumed his mother's name of Chambers. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54186185
Burr Aaron Eliza Burr's application for a widow's pension was rejected because she divorced Aaron Burr for infidelity. The divorce was finalized the day Burr died. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54118158
Hudspeth Carter Carter Hudspeth survived the Battle of Briar Creek where Americans were massacred. He did this by swimming in the river, where he lost all army ammunition and clothing except his hat. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54951160
Woodruff Samuel Samuel Woodruff "had the pleasure" of seeing General Washington and General Lafayette at the Battle of White Plains. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/111772342
Harrison William William Harrison was inoculated at Valley Forge, fought at the Battles of Germantown, Brandywine, and Monmouth. At the Pee Dee River, a British officer wounded him in the head with a sword, and he was shot in the leg at the Battle of Guildford Courthouse. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54808706
Hubbell Richard  Richard Hubbell's father was captured at Fort Washington and died while a prisoner in 1777. In 1782, he joined up at 16, along with a twin brother. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54947604
Sullivan Barnabas  Barnabas Sullivan was taken prisoner by the British and held for a year and a half, set free in an exchange, later had small pox at Valley Forge, and was at Battle of Monmouth. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/144283838
Odiorne Samuel Samuel Odiorne served under John Paul Jones. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196320673
Bentey Francis Francis Bentey was a French Citizen who lived in France and volunteered to fight in the French Fleet. Remained in America (New York) after the war. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53955780
Bowers George  George Bowers served for six years and three months and during this time he fought at Battle of Monmouth. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54021773
Anglea William  William Anglea served under General George Washington and later was very sick with the mumps. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53828011
Horn Frederick  Frederick Horn was a POW for five and half years. His original account is in German, an English translation is provided. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54922589
Hickman Jacob Jacob Hickman got to go home every other week to tend to his farm and crops. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54864327
Harvey Thomas  Thomas Harvey gives a complete list of belongings, totaling $14.58. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54814684
Howell Jonathan Jonathan Howell fought at the battles of Princeton, Monmouth, Trenton, encamped at Valley Forge, fought at "Little York", and served under Lafayette. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54941147
Gannett Deborah  Deborah Gannett served under the name Robert Shurtliff for upwards of two years. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54636851
De Forest Samuel Samuel De Forest recounts hearing the Declaration of Independence being read. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54405642
Frazier Alexander  Alexander Frazier was a sailor who was taken prisoner by the British for 13 months. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54610711
Gilman Anthony Anthony Gilman, a "man of Colour" enlisted as a fifer, was taken by the British as a prisoner and then sold as a slave. After about 1 1/2 years he was able to escape. He was in the battles of Harlem Heights and Monmouth. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54674932
Harvey Edward  Edward Harvey was in the Battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Guilford Courthouse, Camden and the Eutaw Springs. He was injured at the Battle of Brandywine and Eutaw Springs. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54814361
Jordan John John Jordan was on board a prison ship for more than three months after the fall of Savannah. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/144088204
Cory Abraham Abraham Cory worked in the Wagon Department as a blacksmith. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54305417
Herrick Martin Martin Herrick was ship's surgeon on a ship named Tyrannicide. He was also at the Battle Bunker Hill. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54858270
Hubbell Abijah Abijah Hubbell served as a substitute for his father. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54947433
Hull Prince  Prince Hull engaged at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Additionally, the Daughters of the American Revolution's publication Forgotten Patriots lists him as an African American soldier. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54957524
Holsart John John Holsart was excused from duty for two months to help his father in boiling salt. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54912640
Hopkins David David Hopkins was given the command of a troop of Horse in the 4th Regiment of Light Dragoons by General Washington on January 21, 1777. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54920048
Gillespie Andrew Andrew Gillespie's uncle furnished him with a horse and he volunteered as a Post Rider to carry dispatches from his officer to the printing office. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54671302
Britton James James Britton was in a scouting party on the morning of the Battle of Monmouth and was fired upon by a party of British and Hessians. After the battle at Monmouth Courthouse he saw General Washington pass by. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54054416
Harrison James  James Harrison recounts that he witnessed the death of Cornstalk, the Shawanee Indian King, and his son Ellenepsico, and two of his warriors, Red Hawk and Petallo. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54806319
Decker Samuel Samuel Decker's widow was still waiting for her pension. She is over 99 years old and her only living child is 78 and it is expected that she will not live much longer. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54404113
Harborn Joseph While on a prison boat in Philadelphia, Joseph Harborn saw the dead being removed from the boat and being buried in the sand. He also served under Captain Stephen Decatur, Sr. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54789195
Howland David  David Howland, a formerly enslaved man, was known by several last names, including his father's first name and his former enslaver's last name. He preferred Howland. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54942185
Howard Stephen Stephen Howard was in service 4 years, wounded and captured at Battle of Camden (SC). He was held on a prison boat, then pressed into the British Navy for 16 years. He married his wife during that time in Kingston, Jamaica. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54937968
Hood Charles Charles Hood was a "free man of colour" who fought in the Battle of Eutaw Springs and the Siege of Charleston. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54915807
Jackson Abednego  Abednego Jackson, an African American soldier, fought at the Battle of Princeton and he will never forget the roaring cannon, which remained in his ears for a long time afterwards. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/144042307
Viers Benjamin Benjamin Viers never received a wound despite fighting in the battles of Germantown, Brandywine, Monmouth, and "Little York." He frequently saw General Green and General George Washington, who he distinctly remembers. the Daughters of the American Revolution's' publication Forgotten Patriots identifies Benjamin Viers as an African American soldier. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/111468179
Howe Bezaleel Bezaleel Howe was the commander of General Washington's guard at the close of the war and he was appointed to escort Washington's baggage to Mount Vernon. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54939232
Griffin Joel  After Joel Griffin's enlistment, military officers inspected him on account of his "youth and diminutive stature and being not quite 14 years old." He was given a furlough and a pass to return home and grow larger. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54730693
Evans Thomas The widow of Thomas Evans describes how her husband was very old and frail in 1832 when he died very suddenly while eating breakfast. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54527444
Jeffreys John  John Jeffreys was born in 1733 and died on December 4th 1834 at age 101. The Daughters of the American Revolution's publication Forgotten Patriots identifies Jeffreys as an African American soldier. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/144053770
Bachelder Stephen  Stephen Bachelder spent most of his enlistment sick, then hired a substitute who died from smallpox! https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53857178
Harris James James Harris marched to St. Augustine, Florida in the province of Spain to prevent the British from landing there. When they reached Florida they found the British had already landed and were gathering reinforcements from the Indians. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54801615
England William William England was wounded by being shot through the ankle, but he recovered and went on to fight in the siege of Augusta. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54518366
Power Jeremiah Jeremiah Power served as a spy. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196430807
Crabtree Abraham  Abraham Crabtree "was attacked by the fever at Long Island and during the process of his sickness and in attention, acted imprudent and drank cold water, and the mercury which he before had taken operated upon him to the total loss of the use of his limbs for a while, but has now some what recovered but who is entirely unable to support himself with his own labor." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54317490
Young John John Young was an express rider faced who many dangers. Youngs says he was first to bring news of Cornwallis's surrender north. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/111645820
Bowman Abraham  After the Battle of Monmouth in 1778, Abraham Bowman returned to Virginia to ask the Governor for money to recruit the regiment. Unfortunately the state quota had been given out before Bowman was able to make the request. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54023427
Johnson William  William Johnson was stationed at West Point when General Benedict Arnold turned traitor. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54208296
Crosley Prince Prince Crosley was enslaved by the Deputy Governor of the Colony of Connecticut, Matthew Griswold (later Governor of Connecticut), and sold to another man before the war commenced. He served three years in the Army to gain his freedom, then enlisted again. After he gained his freedom he changed his name from Griswold to Crosley. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54338742
Crow

Thomas

 

Thomas Crow was taken prisoner on Sullivan's Island and detained on board the Roebuck for about four months. Disease spread onboard, so he and others were moved ashore where they made their escape from the one guard place over them. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54342126
Couch William  At the Battle of Eutaw Springs, William Couch was pierced twice by a bayonet in the thigh and wounded badly. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54308786
Collins Jonathan Jonathan Collins was at the capture and fall of Charleston and taken prisoner by the British. He was kept for eighteen months in irons onboard a British Man of War before being exchanged at James Tower in Virginia for other prisoners. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54271055
Gorton Prosper Prosper Gorton, "a man of colour", includes a discharge signed by George Washington in his pension application. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54698290
Chambers Cuff  African American Cuff (Blanchard) Chambers was enslaved by Samuel Blanchard and enlisted in May 1775. He served eight months and was in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Because of his service he was given his freedom and he then assumed his mother's name of Chambers. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54186185
Sanborn Peter Peter Sanborn was discharged 300 miles from his home and had to travel home on his own without means to sustain himself. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196564703
Allen Charles Before engaging in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Charles Allen spent several months collecting and procuring cattle and provisions for the army. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53801211
Anderson George George Anderson's widow explains that he was in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse where he received a severe wound in the neck that affected him most seriously during the rest of his life. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53818480
Baker John John Baker was taken prisoner at Savannah on January 3, 1779 and remained on board the prison ship until August 9, 1780. He was paroled on the condition that he would not bear arms against the King, thus ending his service in the Revolutionary War. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53868776
Horton John Payton  John Payton Horton spent his third tour in the fall of 1779 cutting a road through Fairfax, Dumfries, Fredericksburg and Falmouth in Virginia. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54925852
Hoard Samuel  Samuel Hoard was inoculated for small pox at Valley Forge and later marched to Middle Brook where he helped build huts. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54890212
Holcombe Philemon  Philemon Holcombe gives a very detailed account of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse as well as leading troops to join Baron Steuben at Point of Fork on the James River, later to Malian Hills south of Richmond to join General Lafayette, and then to Williamsburg where they met up with General George Washington who arrived with the main Army. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54901379
Horton Samuel Samuel Horton's pension file includes the testimony of a woman who destroyed his discharge papers as a child. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54925272
Conover Levi When Levi Conover's unit marched towards Brunswick, he said, "the British heard of us coming and marched off to New York & boarded their vessels." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54284522
Herter Philip Philip Herter transported the bodies of men who had been killed at Ft. Dayton to Germantown, Ohio. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54859313
Flagg Henry Collins  According to his widow Rachael, Deputy Apothecary General Henry Collins Flagg was the surgeon who treated General Casimir Pulaski. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54575300
Carter Philip Philip Carter helped capture four or five hundred Tories while marching through North Carolina mountains. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54168561
Gann Samuel While Samuel Gann was serving in the war, an American officer went to his house and requested that his wife give provisions for troops. He took between 50 to 100 bacon and gave his wife a receipt for reimbursement. Unfortunately it was lost and he was never repaid. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54637245
Beard James  James Beard reported that he saw a doctor refuse to treat a wounded Tory, "dam the Tories let them find their own doctors." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/53928238
Foscue Frederick Frederick Foscue was a sailor on the Brig Industry. He was taken prisoner by the British and held in Antigua. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54594524
Lookebee David  David Lookebee served as a substitute for his father in 1778 when he was 16. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196207071
Hacket Ezekiel Ezekiel Hacket enlisted as a piper, then became a fifer. At Dobbs Ferry he was taken prisoner and carried to Fort Washington in irons. After eight months he made his escape and went to West Point. At this point his regiment had moved on and he was considered an invalid and unfit for duty. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54749609
Smith John  John Smith said the meat he and other soldiers were served was "barely fit to eat." https://catalog.archives.gov/id/196660970
Hayward Simeon  Simeon Hayward mentioned that he was guarding prisoners when the Pennsylvania line mutinied.  In this event eleven regiments under General Wayne mutinied for better pay. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54837127
Butt Edward  Edward Butt, a fifer, was killed on March 15, 1781 in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. His older brother Zachariah Butt was killed on August 16, 1780 in the Battle of Camden. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54131614
Carr John  John Carr died shortly after enlisting in 1777, leaving his widow Margaret and five children. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/54162801

 

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