SUBJECT/TERM/
DESIGNATOR |
DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Ahnenerbe Organization |
Created by Heinrich Himmler as an SS "research foundation."
During the war the organization looted scientific collections and libraries,
archival material, archaeological artifacts, and miscellaneous works of
art. |
| ALSOS |
Code name for Allied mission made
up of special intelligence forces who sought information on German developments
in nuclear fission. |
| Alt-Aussee Salt Mine |
Large salt mine in Austria where the Allies uncovered a significant
collection of looted art and other cultural treasures. |
| Argentine Blue Book |
Printed memorandum entitled "Consultation Among the American
Republics With Respect to the Argentine Situation" (commonly known
as the "Argentine Blue Book" because of the color of its cover),
resulting from an October 1945-February 1946 Department of State effort
to examine the collaboration of Argentina with the Axis. |
| Art Looting Investigation Unit |
Established within the Office of Strategic Services in November
1944, this unit was responsible for collecting and disseminating information
bearing on the looting, confiscation, and transfer by the enemy of art properties.
Final Report issued in 1946. |
| ASHCAN |
Code name for holding and interrogation center, Spa Belgium,
for leading Nazis and German military officials. |
| Assets |
Bank accounts, insurance policies, diamonds, gems and jewels,
art work, cultural property, patents, trademarks, copyrights, securities,
gold, archives. |
| BACKPORCH |
Code name for the holding and interrogation center near Bad
Kissengen for scientists and industrialists. |
| Camp King |
Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) interrogation center established
at a former German POW camp located near Oberursel (Frankfort). |
| Central Collecting Points |
Operated by the U.S. Army and later by the State Department
to control and restitute property. Most well- known were the CCPs located
in Wiesbaden, Offenbach, Munich, and Marburg in Germany, and Salzburg in
Austria. |
| CROWCASS |
Acronym for "Central Registry of War Criminals and Security
Suspects." |
| DUSTBIN |
Code name for the holding and interrogation center near Frankfurt
for German scientists and industrialists |
| Econic |
Office of Strategic Services term for economic and financial
intelligence, some of which is of Safehaven Program interest. |
| Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) |
Organization financed by the Nazi Party to confiscate libraries,
archives, and art works. |
| Foreign Exchange Depository |
Operated after the war in Frankfurt, Germany, by the U.S.
Army; responsible for the disposition of recovered gold, currencies, and
other assets |
| Gehlen Organization |
A German-based intelligence-gathering operation, partly funded by the
United States, that from 1946 to 1955 provided its findings to U.S. intelligence
officials. It was headed by a former German General, Reinhard Gehlen.
|
| German External Property Commission (GEPC) |
Established in October 1945 to assume control of all German
property outside of Germany. |
| Inter-Allied Commission for the Protection and Restitution
of Cultural Materia |
Also known as the Vaucher Commission, this organization was
engaged in identification and restitution of art works and other cultural
property. |
| Inter-Allied Reparation Agency (IARA) |
Established in 1946 to handle German external assets, German
reparations, and the restitution of monetary gold. |
| JRSO |
Jewish Restitution Successor Organization; coordinated the
restitution of Jewish properties. |
| Kunstschutz |
The German Commission for the Protection of Works of Art in
the Occupied Countries (under direction of the German Army High Command). |
| Melmer (Melmer Gold or Loot) |
Gold or loot taken from Jewish victims and taken to the Reichsbank
in Berlin by SS officer Bruno Melmer. |
| Merkers Mine |
Salt mine in Germany where the Allies recovered the German
gold reserves, art works, and SS loot taken from victims in the concentration
camps. |
| Operation APPLEPIE |
Code name for project to locate and interrogate key German
personnel of RSHA AMT VI (Chief of Security Hqtrs.) and members of the German
Army Staff who were knowledgeable about Soviet industrial and economic matters. |
| Operation BLOODSTONE |
Project to recruit and utilize personnel in Eastern Europe
to foster anti-Communism. |
| Operation DWINDLE |
Code name for the project to recruit German cryptology personnel. |
| Operation ECLIPSE |
Post-hostility plans for Germany (superseded Operation RANKIN
and Operation TALISMAN). |
| Operation GOLDCUP |
Allied code name for SHAEF efforts for locating and collecting
Third Reich records and government ministerial personnel. |
| Operation GRAB BAG |
a Counter Intelligence Corps operation in 1946, to break up
an underground escape route being used by former SS troops escaping from
Germany. |
| Operation HARBORAGE |
Code name for a project that was a part of the ALSOS Mission. |
| Operation LIFEBUOY |
7TH Army CIC operation in support of de-Nazification operations
in U.S. Zone to remove Nazis from public employment. |
| Operation NURSEY |
a Counter Intelligence Corps operation, ca. 1946, that was
a covert, long-range penetration of those subversive organizations that
aimed to keep alive the National Socialist idea. |
| Operation PAJAMAS |
Code name for the project to recruit German bio-chemical experts. |
| Operation PANHANDLE |
Code name for the project to recruit German ex-military intelligence
personnel. |
| Operation SPARKLER |
Joint United States British effort in 1946 to locate any gold,
silver, or jewels that had been missed after the initial occupation of Germany. |
| Operation TALLY HO |
a Counter Intelligence Corps operation in July 1945, to speed
up the apprehension of Nazi war criminals. |
| Orion Project |
Office of Strategic Services-led effort in 1945-1946 to investigate
Axis looting, confiscation, and disposal of art properties. |
| Paris Conference on Reparations |
Allied Conference in 1945-1946 to decide the disposition of
monetary (i.e., central bank) gold looted by the Germans. |
| Pauley Reparation Mission |
U.S. Mission in 1945 led by Presidential Special Assistant
Edwin W. Pauley to participate in Allied Reparation Commission activities. |
| PROCLAIMED List |
List of companies suspected of dealing with Germany or associated
countries that potentially connect them to war crimes. Canada and Great
Britain also had such lists; e.g., British "blacklist." |
| Project ALEXANDER |
Project established to analyze captured German records from
WW II. |
| Project BIRCHWOOD |
Program to recruit "economic experts" from within
Germany and Eastern Europe. |
| Project CREDULITY |
Project involving recruitment of German scientists--see PAPERCLIP. |
| Project OVERCAST |
See Project PAPERCLIP. |
| Project PAPERCLIP |
Project to identify, collect, recruit, and bring German scientists
and technologists to the United States. |
| Project SPARKLER |
See Operation SPARKLER |
| Ratline(s) |
Escape-and-evasion routes in a denied area, or during time
of war, in enemy or enemy-held, territory; frequently associated with specific
routes and activities in eastern and southern Europe during the late 1940's
and with Spanish activities and routes during and subsequent to WW II |
| Roberts Commission |
Formally known as the American Commission for the Protection
and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas, the Roberts
Commission, 1942-1945, was engaged in, among other things, the identification
of looted works of art and cultural property. |
| SAFEHAVEN |
Program Program aimed at eradicating Nazi influence and recovering
Nazi Germany's plunder and assets |
| SAUERKRAUT |
OSS project to recruit German POW's to provide intelligence
information |
| Special Interrogation Mission to Germany |
Department of State mission, led by DeWitt C. Poole, to Germany,
August 1945-January 1946, to interrogate former German government officials. |
| Tripartite Gold Commission (TGC) |
Established in September 1946 to control monetary gold recovered
by the Allies and/or received from neutral nations and to provide for the
return of the gold to claimant nations. The TGC, composed of representatives
of the United States, Great Britain, and France, was disbanded in September
1998. |
| Utasha Regime |
A Croatian nationalist terrorist organization established
in Zagreb under Ante Pavelic. Accumulated vast amounts of valuables stolen
from dispossessed and deported Jews. |
| Washington Accord |
1946 agreement between the Allies and the Swiss and Swedes
regarding the disposition of Nazi looted gold and German external assets. |
