Linked Open Data for Software and Code Formats
Software comprises a set of instructions that instruct a computer to perform one or more tasks. There are three general categories:
- System software includes device drivers, operating systems (OSs), scripts, compilers, disk formatters, text editors and utilities helping the computer to operate.
- Programming software is a set of tools to aid developers in writing programs.
- Application software is intended to perform certain tasks. Examples of application software include office suites, gaming applications, database systems and educational software. Application software can be a single piece of code or a collection of programs.
Software used to create government records are not considered permanent records. Software or code that is an integral part of a record, such as something required for the functionality of a dataset that is a permanent record, or that was created as part of the work of government, have the potential to be permanent records.
The significant properties of software and code records are documented in a Software and Code Preservation Plan, which can be used as test criteria for tools and processes used in format transformations.
NARA makes its Linked Open Data available in the Resource Description Framework Terse RDF Triple Language, or RDF Turtle (.ttl files). These files can be opened in any text editor. The Digital Preservation Framework as Linked Open Data includes the same elements as are available in the version of the Preservation Plans on GitHub.
These Plans are not exhaustive nor universally applicable proposed actions and recommended or endorsed tools: these represent file formats and variant versions in NARA holdings, the current NARA risk assessment, processing capabilities, and tools in use at NARA.
| Format Name | File Extension(s) | Digital Preservation Framework Category/Categories | NARA Format ID | NARA Linked Open Data TTL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32-bit Portable Executable file | pe|exe|apl|efi|ocx|sys | Software and Code | NF00380 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00380.ttl |
| 64-bit Portable Executable file | pe|exe|apl|efi|ocx|sys | Software and Code | NF00536 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00536.ttl |
| A86 assembler source code file | a86 | Software and Code | NF00769 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00769.ttl |
| Adobe Localization File | zdct | Software and Code | NF00537 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00537.ttl |
| Adobe Photoshop Duotone Options | ado | Software and Code | NF00697 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00697.ttl |
| Adobe Type 1 PostScript Adobe Font Metrics or Print Font Metrics File | pfm|afm | Software and Code | NF00538 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00538.ttl |
| Adobe Type 1 PostScript Printer Font Binary | pfb | Software and Code | NF00386 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00386.ttl |
| Apple Macintosh Desktop Services Store | DS_STORE | Software and Code | NF00110 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00110.ttl |
| ASP.NET HTTP Handler File | axd | Software and Code | NF00735 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00735.ttl |
| Atari ST Self-extracting file archive | tp | Software and Code | NF00773 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00773.ttl |
| Backup File | bak|old|sb|bck | Software and Code | NF00734 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00734.ttl |
| Batch Script | bat|cmd|btm | Software and Code | NF00134 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00134.ttl |
| Binary file | bin | Software and Code | NF00135 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00135.ttl |
| BlackBerry Binary Executable | cod | Software and Code | NF00702 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00702.ttl |
| C/C++/Objective-C Header File | h|hpp|hxx | Software and Code | NF00732 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00732.ttl |
| C# Code | cs | Software and Code | NF00138 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00138.ttl |
| Cascading Style Sheets 1.0 | css | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00141 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00141.ttl |
| Cascading Style Sheets 2.0 | css | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00543 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00543.ttl |
| Cascading Style Sheets 2.1 | css | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00544 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00544.ttl |
| Cascading Style Sheets unspecified version | css | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00651 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00651.ttl |
| Checksum File | sum | Software and Code | NF00411 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00411.ttl |
| Cold Fusion Component File | cfc | Software and Code | NF00545 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00545.ttl |
| Cold Fusion Markup Language | cfm | Software and Code | NF00142 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00142.ttl |
| Command manual | man | Software and Code | NF00725 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00725.ttl |
| Common Data Format Toolkit | cdf | Software and Code | NF00144 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00144.ttl |
| Compressed Archive File | arc | Software and Code | NF00111 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00111.ttl |
| Compressed ARX file archive | arx | Software and Code | NF00774 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00774.ttl |
| Compressed Dynamic Link Library (DLL) | dl_ | Software and Code | NF00691 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00691.ttl |
| Configuration File | ini|conf|cnf|cfg|cf|config | Software and Code | NF00146 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00146.ttl |
| Custom Dictionary File | dct|dic | Software and Code | NF00159 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00159.ttl |
| Data File | dat | Software and Code | NF00151 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00151.ttl |
| Data List File | lst | Software and Code | NF00710 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00710.ttl |
| Dictionary Lexicon File | lex | Software and Code | NF00158 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00158.ttl |
| DVD Data Backup File | bup | Software and Code | NF00166 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00166.ttl |
| DVD Data File | dvd | Software and Code | NF00167 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00167.ttl |
| DVD Info File | ifo | Software and Code | NF00168 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00168.ttl |
| Executable and Linkable Format 32-bit Big Endian | o|elf | Software and Code | NF00758 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00758.ttl |
| Executable and Linkable Format 32-bit Little Endian | o|elf | Software and Code | NF00759 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00759.ttl |
| Executable and Linkable Format 64-bit Big Endian | o|elf | Software and Code | NF00760 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00760.ttl |
| Executable and Linkable Format 64-bit Little Endian | o|elf | Software and Code | NF00761 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00761.ttl |
| Executable file | exe | Software and Code | NF00182 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00182.ttl |
| Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) | xfdl | Web Records|Software and Code|Structured Data|Textual and Word Processing | NF00686 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00686.ttl |
| eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language 1.0 | xhtm|xhtml | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00185 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00185.ttl |
| eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language 1.1 | xhtm|xhtml | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00186 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00186.ttl |
| eXtensible Markup Language 1.0 | xml | Web Records|Software and Code|Structured Data|Textual and Word Processing | NF00187 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00187.ttl |
| eXtensible Markup Language 1.1 | xml | Web Records|Software and Code|Structured Data|Textual and Word Processing | NF00561 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00561.ttl |
| eXtensible Markup Language Document Type Definition | dtd | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00162 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00162.ttl |
| eXtensible Markup Language Schema | xsd | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00188 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00188.ttl |
| eXtensible Markup Language unspecified version | xml | Web Records|Software and Code|Structured Data|Textual and Word Processing | NF00654 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00654.ttl |
| eXtensible Style Language 1.0 | xsl|xslt | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00190 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00190.ttl |
| eXtensible Style Language 2.0 | xsl|xslt | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00562 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00562.ttl |
| eXtensible Style Language 3.0 | xsl|xslt | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00563 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00563.ttl |
| eXtensible Style Language unspecified version | xsl|xslt | Web Records|Software and Code|Textual and Word Processing | NF00850 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00850.ttl |
| Flash Local Shared Object (LSO) | sol | Software and Code | NF00690 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00690.ttl |
| GZIP | gz|tgz | Software and Code | NF00204 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00204.ttl |
| HTML Components | htc | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00775 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00775.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 1.0 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00567 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00567.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 1.1 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00568 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00568.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 2.0 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00569 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00569.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 3.2 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00570 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00570.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 4.0 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00571 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00571.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 4.01 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00572 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00572.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 5 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00573 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00573.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 5.1 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00574 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00574.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language 5.2 | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00575 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00575.ttl |
| Hypertext Markup Language unspecified version | htm|html | Web Records|Software and Code | NF00208 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00208.ttl |
| IBM Voice Type/ViaVoice Scripts Data | 2|10 | Software and Code | NF00717 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00717.ttl |
| Include Header File | inc | Software and Code | NF00708 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00708.ttl |
| Information or Setup File | info | Software and Code | NF00211 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00211.ttl |
| InstallShield installer archive | ex_ | Software and Code | NF00712 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00712.ttl |
| Java Archive File | jar | Software and Code | NF00215 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00215.ttl |
| Java Class (Compiled Object Code) | class | Software and Code | NF00576 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00576.ttl |
| Java Servlet Component | do | Software and Code | NF00703 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00703.ttl |
| Java Source Code | java | Software and Code | NF00216 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00216.ttl |
| JavaScript | js | Software and Code | NF00217 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00217.ttl |
| Lock File | lck|lock | Software and Code | NF00226 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00226.ttl |
| Log File | log | Software and Code | NF00227 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00227.ttl |
| Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet Formatting file 3.0 | fm3 | Software and Code | NF00776 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00776.ttl |
| Macromedia Flash 5 | swf | Digital Video|Software and Code|Web Records | NF00580 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00580.ttl |
| Macromedia Flash 6 | swf | Digital Video|Software and Code|Web Records | NF00242 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00242.ttl |
| Macromedia Flash 7 | swf | Digital Video|Software and Code|Web Records | NF00243 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00243.ttl |
| Macromedia Flash project | fla | Digital Video|Software and Code | NF00727 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00727.ttl |
| Macromedia Flash unspecified version | swf | Digital Video|Software and Code|Web Records | NF00655 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00655.ttl |
| Memory Dump File | dmp | Software and Code | NF00754 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00754.ttl |
| Microsoft Active Server Page | asp | Software and Code | NF00257 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00257.ttl |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | aspx | Software and Code | NF00583 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00583.ttl |
| Microsoft ASP.NET User Control File | ascx | Software and Code | NF00731 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00731.ttl |
| Microsoft Compiled HTML Help | chm | Software and Code | NF00700 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00700.ttl |
| Microsoft Dynamic Link Library | dll|ocx|drv | Software and Code | NF00169 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00169.ttl |
| Microsoft Font File | fon | Software and Code | NF00719 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00719.ttl |
| Microsoft FrontPage Binary Tree Index | btr | Software and Code | NF00276 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00276.ttl |
| Microsoft FrontPage Server Extension Configuration File | frontpg.ini|frontpg.cnf | Software and Code | NF00277 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00277.ttl |
| Microsoft FrontPage Server Extension Lock File | frontpg.lck|service.lck | Software and Code | NF00584 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00584.ttl |
| Microsoft Office Personalized Settings File | pip | Software and Code | NF00718 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00718.ttl |
| Microsoft OLE Compound Format | ole | Software and Code | NF00343 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00343.ttl |
| Microsoft OLE2 Compound Format | ole|ole2 | Software and Code | NF00585 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00585.ttl |
| Microsoft Type Library | tlb | Software and Code | NF00737 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00737.ttl |
| Microsoft Windows PowerShell Data File | psd1 | Software and Code | NF00387 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00387.ttl |
| Microsoft WinHelp | hlp | Software and Code | NF00698 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00698.ttl |
| OpenDocument Formula | odf|otf | Software and Code | NF00346 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00346.ttl |
| OpenType Font | otf|ttf | Software and Code | NF00601 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00601.ttl |
| OS/2 Change Control File | cin | Software and Code | NF00351 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00351.ttl |
| Perl Source Code Script | pl | Software and Code | NF00685 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00685.ttl |
| PGP Encrypted File | pgp | Software and Code | NF00357 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00357.ttl |
| PHP Script | php | Software and Code | NF00358 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00358.ttl |
| Portable Executable unspecified version | pe|efi|ocx|sys|apl | Software and Code | NF00847 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00847.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.0 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00739 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00739.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.1 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00740 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00740.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.2 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00741 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00741.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.3 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00742 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00742.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.4 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00743 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00743.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.5 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00744 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00744.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.6 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00745 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00745.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 2.7 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00746 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00746.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.0 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00747 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00747.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.1 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00748 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00748.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.2 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00749 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00749.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.3 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00750 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00750.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.4 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00751 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00751.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.5 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00752 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00752.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode 3.6 | pyc | Software and Code | NF00753 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00753.ttl |
| Python Compiled Bytecode unspecified version | pyc | Software and Code | NF00849 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00849.ttl |
| Python Source Code Script | py | Software and Code | NF00389 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00389.ttl |
| Qt Linguist Compiled Translation Source File | qm | Software and Code | NF00730 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00730.ttl |
| ROM Image | rom | Software and Code | NF00736 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00736.ttl |
| Shared Object Library | so | Software and Code | NF00724 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00724.ttl |
| Static Library | a|lib | Software and Code | NF00199 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00199.ttl |
| Structured Query Language | sql | Software and Code|Databases | NF00416 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00416.ttl |
| Tape Archive Format (TAR) | tar | Software and Code | NF00423 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00423.ttl |
| Temp file | tmp|temp | Software and Code | NF00424 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00424.ttl |
| TrueType Font | ttf | Software and Code | NF00427 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00427.ttl |
| Uniform Resource Locator Shortcut File | url | Software and Code | NF00430 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00430.ttl |
| Unspecified encrypted or encoded (.enc) file | enc | Software and Code | NF00779 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00779.ttl |
| Verity Collection Index Descriptor File | pdd|ddd|did|wld | Software and Code | NF00640 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00640.ttl |
| Visual FoxPro Class Library | vcx | Software and Code | NF00621 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00621.ttl |
| Windows Autorun Configuration File | autorun.inf | Software and Code | NF00440 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00440.ttl |
| Windows Cabinet File | cab | Software and Code | NF00445 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00445.ttl |
| Windows Catalog File | cat | Software and Code | NF00676 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00676.ttl |
| Windows Installer Package | msi | Software and Code | NF00757 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00757.ttl |
| Windows New Executable file | exe|cpl|drv|scr | Software and Code | NF00449 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00449.ttl |
| Windows Precompiled Setup Information | pnf | Software and Code | NF00711 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00711.ttl |
| Windows Program Database | pdb|mks | Software and Code | NF00677 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00677.ttl |
| Windows Registry Files | reg|dat | Software and Code | NF00630 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00630.ttl |
| Windows Setup Information File | inf | Software and Code | NF00450 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00450.ttl |
| Windows Shortcut | lnk | Software and Code | NF00451 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00451.ttl |
| WinHelp File Table of Contents | cnt | Software and Code | NF00756 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00756.ttl |
| ZIP archive | zip | Software and Code | NF00458 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00458.ttl |