Preservation

Linked Open Data for Digital Audio Formats

The Digital Audio category encompasses formats used to encode recorded sound as machine readable files by converting acoustic sound waves into digital signals. Digital audio formats are generally composed of both a wrapper format, usually the common name associated with the file extension, and an encoding method or codec. Digital audio is defined as an audio waveform that has been created as, or converted into, digital form encoded as numerical samples in continuous sequence (i.e. sample depth over samples per second).

The significant properties of digital audio records are documented in a Digital Audio Preservation Plan, which can be used as test criteria for tools and processes used in format transformations.

NARA makes its Linked Open Data available in the Resource Description Framework Terse RDF Triple Language, or RDF Turtle (.ttl files). These files can be opened in any text editor. The Digital Preservation Framework as Linked Open Data includes the same elements as are available in the version of the Preservation Plans on GitHub.

These Plans are not exhaustive nor universally applicable proposed actions and recommended or endorsed tools: these represent file formats and variant versions in NARA holdings, the current NARA risk assessment, processing capabilities, and tools in use at NARA.

 

Format Name File Extension(s) Digital Preservation Framework Category/Categories NARA Format ID NARA Linked Open Data TTL
Adaptive Multi Rate Audio (AMR) amr Digital Audio NF00102 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00102.ttl
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) MPEG-2 Audio aac Digital Audio NF00106 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00106.ttl
Advanced Audio Coding MPEG-4 Low Complexity Object aac|mp4|m4a Digital Audio NF00108 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00108.ttl
Apple Soundtrack Pro Project stmp Digital Audio NF00815 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00815.ttl
Audio Interchange Format (AIFF) aiff|aif Digital Audio NF00115 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00115.ttl
Audio Interchange Format with LPCM Audio aiff|aif Digital Audio NF00116 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00116.ttl
Avid Pro Tools Session 5.1-6.9 pts Digital Audio NF00817 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00817.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) unspecified version wav Digital Audio NF00650 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00650.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 0 wav Digital Audio NF00136 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00136.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 1 wav Digital Audio NF00539 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00539.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 2 wav Digital Audio NF00540 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00540.ttl
Exchangeable Image File Format Audio 2.2 wav Digital Audio NF00176 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00176.ttl
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) flac Digital Audio NF00198 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00198.ttl
IRCAM Sound File sf Digital Audio NF00816 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00816.ttl
MPEG Audio Layer 2 mp2 Digital Audio NF00597 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00597.ttl
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 1 mp1 Digital Audio NF00596 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00596.ttl
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 mp3|x-mp3|mpeg3|mpeg|x-mpeg3|mpg|x-mpg|x-mpegaudio Digital Audio NF00335 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00335.ttl
MPEG-4 File Format, V.2, with Advanced Audio Coding aac Digital Audio NF00107 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00107.ttl
NCH Dictation Audio File dct Digital Audio NF00600 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00600.ttl
Pulse Code Modulated pcm|L16|wav|aiff|au Digital Audio NF00603 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00603.ttl
QuickTime Audio with AAC codec qta|aac|m4p|mp3 Digital Audio NF00392 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00392.ttl
RealAudio ra Digital Audio NF00604 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00604.ttl
RealMedia rm|rmf Digital Audio|Digital Video NF00396 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00396.ttl
RealMedia metafile ram Digital Audio|Digital Video NF00397 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00397.ttl
Sound Designer II Audio File sd2 Digital Audio NF00407 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00407.ttl
SoundFont 2 Sound Bank sf2 Digital Audio NF00814 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00814.ttl
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) PCMWAVEFORMAT wav Digital Audio NF00531 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00531.ttl
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) WAVEFORMATEX wav Digital Audio NF00532 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00532.ttl
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) with LPCM Audio wav Digital Audio NF00438 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00438.ttl
Windows Media Audio unspecified version wma Digital Audio NF00446 https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00446.ttl
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