Linked Open Data for Digital Audio Formats
The Digital Audio category encompasses formats used to encode recorded sound as machine readable files by converting acoustic sound waves into digital signals. Digital audio formats are generally composed of both a wrapper format, usually the common name associated with the file extension, and an encoding method or codec. Digital audio is defined as an audio waveform that has been created as, or converted into, digital form encoded as numerical samples in continuous sequence (i.e. sample depth over samples per second).
The significant properties of digital audio records are documented in a Digital Audio Preservation Plan, which can be used as test criteria for tools and processes used in format transformations.
NARA makes its Linked Open Data available in the Resource Description Framework Terse RDF Triple Language, or RDF Turtle (.ttl files). These files can be opened in any text editor. The Digital Preservation Framework as Linked Open Data includes the same elements as are available in the version of the Preservation Plans on GitHub.
These Plans are not exhaustive nor universally applicable proposed actions and recommended or endorsed tools: these represent file formats and variant versions in NARA holdings, the current NARA risk assessment, processing capabilities, and tools in use at NARA.
Format Name | File Extension(s) | Digital Preservation Framework Category/Categories | NARA Format ID | NARA Linked Open Data TTL |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adaptive Multi Rate Audio (AMR) | amr | Digital Audio | NF00102 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00102.ttl |
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) MPEG-2 Audio | aac | Digital Audio | NF00106 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00106.ttl |
Advanced Audio Coding MPEG-4 Low Complexity Object | aac|mp4|m4a | Digital Audio | NF00108 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00108.ttl |
Apple Soundtrack Pro Project | stmp | Digital Audio | NF00815 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00815.ttl |
Audio Interchange Format (AIFF) | aiff|aif | Digital Audio | NF00115 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00115.ttl |
Audio Interchange Format with LPCM Audio | aiff|aif | Digital Audio | NF00116 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00116.ttl |
Avid Pro Tools Session 5.1-6.9 | pts | Digital Audio | NF00817 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00817.ttl |
Broadcast Wave (BWF) unspecified version | wav | Digital Audio | NF00650 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00650.ttl |
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 0 | wav | Digital Audio | NF00136 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00136.ttl |
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 1 | wav | Digital Audio | NF00539 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00539.ttl |
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 2 | wav | Digital Audio | NF00540 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00540.ttl |
Exchangeable Image File Format Audio 2.2 | wav | Digital Audio | NF00176 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00176.ttl |
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) | flac | Digital Audio | NF00198 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00198.ttl |
IRCAM Sound File | sf | Digital Audio | NF00816 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00816.ttl |
MPEG Audio Layer 2 | mp2 | Digital Audio | NF00597 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00597.ttl |
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 1 | mp1 | Digital Audio | NF00596 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00596.ttl |
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 | mp3|x-mp3|mpeg3|mpeg|x-mpeg3|mpg|x-mpg|x-mpegaudio | Digital Audio | NF00335 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00335.ttl |
MPEG-4 File Format, V.2, with Advanced Audio Coding | aac | Digital Audio | NF00107 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00107.ttl |
NCH Dictation Audio File | dct | Digital Audio | NF00600 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00600.ttl |
Pulse Code Modulated | pcm|L16|wav|aiff|au | Digital Audio | NF00603 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00603.ttl |
QuickTime Audio with AAC codec | qta|aac|m4p|mp3 | Digital Audio | NF00392 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00392.ttl |
RealAudio | ra | Digital Audio | NF00604 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00604.ttl |
RealMedia | rm|rmf | Digital Audio|Digital Video | NF00396 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00396.ttl |
RealMedia metafile | ram | Digital Audio|Digital Video | NF00397 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00397.ttl |
Sound Designer II Audio File | sd2 | Digital Audio | NF00407 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00407.ttl |
SoundFont 2 Sound Bank | sf2 | Digital Audio | NF00814 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00814.ttl |
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) PCMWAVEFORMAT | wav | Digital Audio | NF00531 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00531.ttl |
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) WAVEFORMATEX | wav | Digital Audio | NF00532 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00532.ttl |
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) with LPCM Audio | wav | Digital Audio | NF00438 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00438.ttl |
Windows Media Audio unspecified version | wma | Digital Audio | NF00446 | https://www.archives.gov/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00446.ttl |