The Society of American Indians was a progressive group formed in Columbus, Ohio in 1911 by 50 Native Americans, most of them middle-class professional men and women. It was established to address the problems facing Native Americans, such as ways to improve health, education, civil rights, and local government. The Society of American Indians was the first pan-Indian reform organization in the U.S. during the Progressive Era. The Society publicized Native Americans’ aspirations and urged their assimilation into society when the Dawes Act forced assimilation, which caused Native Americans to give up their tribal ownership of land, in favor of private ownership. The papers include correspondence, organizational papers, articles, newspaper accounts and government documents.