The papers of James Buchanan (1791-1868), the 15th President of the United States. Buchanan was first elected in 1820 to the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. After serving as Minister to Russia, he won election as Senator from Pennsylvania, and in 1845 was named Secretary of State. During the President of Franklin Pierce, Buchanan served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He became President in 1857, serving one term prior to the Civil War. There are about 20,000 items, including incoming and outgoing correspondence, speeches, notes, memoranda, manuscript books by Buchanan and his biographers, and business and legal papers.