Charles Edwin Bessey (1865–1915) was an American botanist who founded a system of plant classification based on phytogenic evidence. Bessey was also an editor, a teacher and an administrator, and the president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was professor of botany at the Iowa Agricultural College (today known as Iowa State University) from 1870 to 1884. In 1884, he was appointed professor of botany at the University of Nebraska and became head dean there in 1909. He also served as Chancellor of the University of Nebraska from 1888 to 1891 and again from 1899 to 1900. Included are more than 43,000 documents from the collections of the University of Nebraska and 18 other institutions, consisting of correspondence, lectures, reports, and other papers.