200th Anniversary of Ohio Statehood
Ohio celebrated its 200th Anniversary of statehood on March 1, 2003. The history of Ohio statehood, however, begins much earlier. One of the provisions in the Paris Peace Treaty ending the Revolutionary War was the establishment of boundaries that would allow for American expansion westward. This area became known as the Northwest Territory. In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance to establish a government for the territory and to provide a method for admitting new states into the Union once the population had reached 60,000 inhabitants.
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The Northwest Ordinance, July 13, 1787. (National Archives Microfilm Publication M332, roll 9, Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789, Record Group 360) NAID: 5730365 |
In December 1801, the "Schedule of the Whole Number of Persons in the Territory North West of the Ohio" was transmitted to Congress accompanying a presidential message. The schedule shows that the population of the territory northwest of the Ohio River had expanded to 45,000 inhabitants. Although this number was less than the population requirement of the Northwest Ordinance, statehood supporters argued the population would soon reach 60,000. The House referred the census schedule to a select committee, "with instructions to report whether any, and what, measures ought, at this time, to be taken for enabling the People of the said territory to form a State Government for themselves, to be admitted into the Union upon the same terms with the original States."
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1800 Census Schedule of the Whole Number of Persons in the Territory North West of the Ohio, December 23, 1801. (SEN 7A-E1) |
The House Committee reported a bill enabling Ohio to form a constitution and state government and on April 9, 1802 the bill passed the House. After some changes in conference committee, the bill passed the Senate and was signed into law on April 30, 1802. In November 1802, the people in the eastern division of the Northwest Territory met to form a constitution and state government. The Ohio constitution was adopted on November 29, 1802, and it, along with a letter from Agent Thomas Worthington and the Address of the Convention, was sent to Congress as qualification for statehood.
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An act to enable the People of the Eastern division of the territory Northwest of the river Ohio to form a Constitution and State Government, April 30, 1802. (SEN 7A-E1) General Records of the United States Government, 7th Congress, 1st Session, 2 Stat. 173 Chapter 40, Record Group 11 |
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Constitution of Ohio begun and held at Chillicothe on November 1, 1802. (SEN 7A-F8) Records of the United States Senate, Record Group 46 |
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Address of the Convention of the State of Ohio, November 27, 1802. (SEN 7A-F8) Records of the United States Senate, Record Group 46 |
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Thomas Worthington's letter accompanying the Constitution of Ohio, January 6, 1803. (SEN 7A-F8) Records of the United States Senate, Record Group 46 |
On February 19, 1803, Congress passed an act stating that the citizens of Ohio had adopted a constitution in accordance with the 1802 enabling act and the said state had become one of the United States of America. Ohio gained representation in Congress when Thomas Worthington, who was appointed as an Ohio Senator, presented his Credentials to the Senate on the first day of the 8th Congress. Although legally Ohio became the 17th state with the February 19, 1803 act of Congress, Ohio statehood is celebrated on March 1. The date of March 1, 1803 was when the Ohio legislature met for the first time. This was retroactively made the statehood date by a 1953 Resolution of the United States Congress.
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Credentials of Senator Thomas Worthington, Ohio's first Senator, September 15, 1803. Records of the United States Senate, Ohio Credentials of Senators, Record Group 46 |